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Stroke

                                                 STROKE



Stroke is a medical
situation that occurs suddenly when part of the brain is damaged due to
lack of blood supply caused by blockage or rupture (bursting) of a blood
vessel. It strikes fast rendering many people partially paralyses.


Types of Stroke


1.         ISCHAEMIC

STROKE (ISCHAEMIC MEANS SHORTAGE OF BLOOD)
This
occurs when an important blood vessel (artery) in the brain is blocked by blood
clot leading to the death of area of the brain supplied by the blood vessel.
This is referred to as cerebral infarction due to arterial thrombosis (blood
clot formation) or due to embolism obstruction of blood vessel by a body like
fat cell, air or clot.

2.         HAEMORRHAGICSTROKE (BLEEDING)

This
is caused by the rupture of the blood vessel in the brain resulting in
haemorrhage or bleeding (intra cerebal heamorrhage) in that part of the brain
being supplied by the blood vessel will not be able to receive oxygen and
nutrient, and will die as a result. Haemorrhage accounts for 15/20% of all
stroke.

What Causes Stroke
the
process may start early in life when fat deposit are formed in inner wall of
blood vessel (artery). The fat deposit over time grows and projects into the
lumen of the blood vessel furring up the artery and hardening it as well. This
damages the artery and the process is known as atherosclerosis. The fat deposit
may break away from the wall of the artery resulting in the formation of blood
clot (known as Thrombosis) on the damaged blood vessel wall. The clot can block
the blood vessel partially or completely. If it is in the brain, this will lead
to stroke or TIA.
SYMPTOMS
OF STROKE
·                    Sudden weakness on one sides of the body
face, leg or arm
·                    Blurring of or dim vision on one eye
·                    A sudden severe headache
·                    Sudden speech difficulty
·                    Sudden vomiting

If you have any of these signs, you should seek
immediate medical attention.

RISK
FACTOR OF STROKE
·                    High blood pressure it is known that
high blood pressure damage the arterial walls including atherosclerosis and
blood clot to occur more readily.

·                    Cardiac disease atrial fibrillation
irregular heart beating increase the chances of blood clot is carried in
circulation to the brain, it can block an artery and cause stroke.
·                    Ageing it is known that stroke is rare
before the age of 40 and not before 50. After 50 years the rate of stroke seems
to increase as the age rises.
·                    Oral Contraceptives the risk increases
with age and depend on whether the person smokes and has other risk factors eg.
Hypertension.
·                    Diabetes Mellitus a two fold increase in
the risk of stroke among diabetics may occur probably because of the increased
risk of a atherosclerosis, a disease of arteries when fatty plaques form in
their inner walls leading to blocking of the blood flow development in
diabetics which contribute to the risk.
WHAT
TO DO IF STROKE OCCURS
Everybody should know
some early symptoms of stroke which are always sudden and include warning signs
stated above.
Strokes is a medical
emergency and the patient must be taken to a hospital with someone who observed
what happened. The patient must not be given anything to eat or drink can choke
him or her. In the hospital, the patient will evaluated through physical
examination blood test, electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest x-ray. It is possible
to determine the types of stroke (Ischaemic or Haemorrhagic) through brain scan
using (computed tomography) scan and it available MRI (magnetic resonance
imaging), these help the doctor to give appropriate therapy.
HOW
TO PREVENT STROKE
·                    No cigarette smoking
·                    Eating only healthy low fat and low salt
diet.
·                    Reduce intake of saturated fat.
·                    Shed excessive weight
·                    Exercise regularly
·                    If diabetic make sure you control it
·                    Avoid alcohol intake
·                    Don’t take oral contraceptives
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